Tesla Motors: A Potentially Disruptive Force in a Mature Industry
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze Tesla’s strategy for ensuring its own sustainable future growth while acting as a catalyst of change in the automotive industry. The paper utilizes document analysis as a main method, with the presentation of the results in a case study format. It was realized that Tesla has managed to create a product that has a rather unique positioning in a highly competitive industry. However, Tesla was unable to capitalize on the potential demand regardless of the superiority of its products, as the current market leaders have a considerably lower price and are competing with a different class of vehicles altogether. The implications for industry development are discussed in connection with competition in the hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle categories. 1. Introduction Tesla is an important innovator in the electric vehicle industry. It is a modern and potentially disruptive entity that has entered the automotive sector, where it benefits from centuries of research and development. Moreover, it leverages significant funding and advancements in technology to create cutting-edge electric vehicles. This approach not only positions Tesla as a leader in the market but also challenges traditional automotive manufacturers to adapt to the changing landscape of transportation. 2. Methodological Approach This paper aims to provide an effective analysis of the current position of Tesla Motors in regards to the company’s competitive advantage in a global context. An industry analysis was undertaken followed by an analytical breakdown of the influences in the current internal and external environments, with the focus on factors that affect the firm’s strategy. A framework is developed to facilitate a better understanding of the opportunities for strengthening the company’s positioning, supported by the discussion of practical implications for industry development in regards to competition in the hybrid electric vehicle and battery electric vehicle categories. Firstly, a concise overview of the company is provided including a brief history focused on how the company came to be one of the leading innovators in the electric vehicle and energy storage industries. Following this, an overview of the industry is presented in addition to a summary of Tesla’s partnerships, main competitors and strategic options. The discussion of practical implications aims at raising competitiveness of the company and is structured around the latest research in the automotive industry and the emerging electric vehicle market. 2.1. Scope and Limitations Although Tesla Motors offers a range of products, including electric vehicles, automotive components, and rechargeable energy storage systems, this report primarily focuses on the automobile industry. Furthermore, the analysis of the internal environment will not extend beyond the examination of the company’s current offerings and target market, as there is limited publicly available data regarding the firm’s strategy. Since Tesla’s products in this sector compete with fossil fuel, hybrid, and battery electric vehicles, the report will also include information about the automotive industry as a whole to illustrate the potential growth of this market sector in the coming years. The data will primarily concentrate on the U.S. market for ease of comparison. 3. The Company 3.1. History and Ethos Tesla is a technology company based in the US, established in 2003, that specializes in manufacturing automobiles and selling automotive components and energy storage devices, primarily utilizing its own patented technology. The company’s auto-manufacturing division sets itself apart from traditional industry players by addressing the environmental issues linked to fossil fuel-powered vehicles. They argue that an excessive focus on developing combustion engines has stifled progress in alternative fuel powertrain technologies (Tesla Motors, 2015; Musk, 2015). Consequently, Tesla is dedicated exclusively to advancing battery electric vehicles, while larger companies in the sector continue to invest significantly in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and alternative fuel cell vehicles. 3.2. Value Preposition The company’s value proposition is based on offering a luxury car that boasts specifications comparable to high-end luxury vehicles, while alleviating the environmental concerns associated with excessive pollution. Furthermore, it promotes greener driving without sacrificing performance, as electricity tends to be more affordable than fossil fuels in many markets. Electric vehicles also feature fewer moving parts compared to their fossil fuel counterparts, which is often considered to lead to lower servicing and maintenance requirements. This makes them more cost-effective to operate over the product’s lifespan (Chan and Wong, 2004). 3.3. Strategic Concept The company’s original plan was to follow the typical patterns of product life cycles in the technology industry. They wanted to fund the research and development of new products using the sales from previous products. Tesla aims to achieve this by implementing a three-stage development strategy for its products, which aligns with Roger’s (2003) Diffusion of Innovation Theory. In the first stage, Tesla targeted innovators with the Tesla Roadster, an expensive and high-performing electric sports car with limited production. This was followed by the Model S, a mid-priced sedan with moderate production levels, which was designed as a more practical car to further appeal. According to Rogers, the innovators have more or less embraced the concept of green cars within the USA as figures suggest that HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs have an adoption rate of just over 2.5% (Cobb, 2015). The soon to be released Model 3, an affordable relatively low-priced automobile which will be produced in high volumes, is aimed at targeting the early adopters as the technology becomes more widely accepted and the benefits versus cost of adoption is more widely understood (Rogers, 2003; Musk, 2006). The company implies that if you are purchasing any model of Tesla automobile you are investing in the development of future models and consequently making green technology more affordable, which further adds value to the idea of purchasing a Tesla product. The firm has slightly deviated from this strategy presumably in order to adapt to customer demand within the market and have developed the Model X, a utility vehicle which recent trends suggest have grown in popularity and have overtaken sedans as the most popular body type of new vehicle to be registered in the USA (IHS Automotive, 201. The
Tesla Motors: A Potentially Disruptive Force in a Mature Industry Read More »